The Hero's Journey
Joseph Campbell's theory on the Monomyth, in which the hero ventures from the known world to the unkown world (and back again), in a structured narrative. Some examples that follow the structure include Harry Potter, Star Wars, and yup, Lord of the Rings.
The basic steps in the Hero's Journey are:
1. The Ordinary World
In which the hero is still an unhappy teenager/ misunderstood genius/ carefree blob
2. The Call to Adventure + Rejection of Adventure
A wiser (almost always older) mentor sends the hero on an adventure. The hero initially rejects the call.
3. Crossing the Threshold + Trials
The hero has gotten his stuff together and decides to go on the adventure. He goes through a series of trials and overcomes them. The general bulk of the narrative when the hero meets allies andn he foes etc.
4. The Belly of the Whale + The Ultimate Fight/Reward
The hero has matured and finally approaches the end of his quest. At this point he also falls to the lowest point in his adventure, either literally or metaphorically. Then he experiences a rebirth and either defeats the boss or receives the reward or both.
5. Journey to the Ordinary World + Self-Actualisation
The hero finally completes their quest and begins the slow journey back home. Along the way he realizes he's no longer the unhappy teenager/ misunderstood genius/ carefree blob he once was.
6. Return to the Ordinary World
The hero returns changed for the better, and has finally become competent and comfortable in the world and in his own skin.
Chosen stage for the project:
5. Journey to the Ordinary World + Self-Actualisation